Optical feedback or self-mixing interferometry technique has been widely used for sensing vibration, displacement, velocity, distance and flow applications. Such applications require an accurate and consistent output for real-time target measurements. In this article, we have suggested an FPGA-based system architecture and programming model for real-time self-mixing interferometric sensor applications. To prove the effectiveness of the suggested system, we implemented and tested it on a Xilinx ZYBO Zynq 7000 development board. To show that our system is useful in a variety of situations, we applied Consecutive-Samples based Unwrapping and Time-Frequency Signal Processing algorithms for displacement and vibration measurement respectively. The results show that our system utilizes less hardware, enhances applications performance and is simple to program.