Ice clouds and dust aerosols are two important atmospheric constituents. To reliably assess the radiativeforcings and to accurately infer the microphysical and optical properties of these two atmospheric components, it is necessary to use appropriate optical properties of ice crystals and dust particles. In this talk we will discuss the use of remote sensing techniques based on observations by passive and active sensors to constrain the optical properties. Specifically, we will use the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances), MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), and CALIOP/CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) measurements in combination of theoretical light scattering simulations to identify the optimal single-scattering properties (extinction coefficient, single-scattering albedo, and phase matrix) of nonspherical/inhomogeneous ice crystals and dust particles.