In order to meet the requirement of development and field test, a missile launcher test system is designed based on virtual instrument and PCI bus. The composition, working principle, hardware and software structure of the system are introduced. Some key techniques, such as multithreading technology, signal processing and data storage under Labwindows/CVI environment are expatiated. It has been used in development and experiment of a new missile launcher. Application proves that the system has the advantages of easy implementation, high reliability and good operability.