In this paper, we design a layer-based framework for the smart city. This structure includes three sub-layers as human-institutional, physical, and data layers. We discuss the role of technology, individuals' and social capability in changing energy consumption behaviors. We designed a survey with three sub-layers: human-institutional, physical, and data layers to analyze the effect of technology, and individuals' and social variables in the households' energy consumption behavior. The individuals who live in the Greater New York City has been considered as the case study in this research.