Image segmentation is one of the key technologies in image processing, image segmentation quality relates to subsequent processing directly such as image measurement and image recognition, etc. This paper presents a new intelligent optimization algorithm: (artificial fish swarm algorithm, artificial bacterial swarm algorithm and artificial bee colony swarm algorithm), a new method of image segmentation, namely the wavelet transform for segmented images, combined with gray-scale morphology and rough sets theory to solve the problem of image noise, uses a new intelligent optimization algorithm to improve the effect of segmentation, the segmentation performance better, faster, and has important theoretical significance and practical value.