This study presents a comprehensive method for rapidly processing, storing, retrieving, and analyzing big healthcare data. Based on NoSQL (not only SQL), a patient-driven data architecture is suggested to enable the rapid storing and flexible expansion of data. Thus, the schema differences of various hospitals can be overcome, and the flexibility for field alterations and addition is ensured. The timeline mode can easily be used to generate a visual representation of patient records, providing physicians with a reference for patient consultation. The sharding-key is used for data partitioning to generate data on patients of various populations. Subsequently, data reformulation is conducted as a first step, producing additional temporal and spatial data, providing cloud computing methods based on query-MapReduce-shard, and enhancing the search performance of data mining. Target data can be rapidly searched and filtered, particularly when analyzing temporal events and interactive effects.