Segmenting and interesting objects from microscopic images and classifying microscopic images are very important for biomedical researching work, which help diagnosis and further biomedical research. However, conventional approaches don't behavior as well as expected when they are applied to solve the problem. We hence propose two methods, radial basis function neural network with fuzzy initialization and graph-based discrete approach, for microscopic image segmenting and classification. The results show that RBF neural network has advantages such as easy to configure and implement, and the training procedure being very fast. In addition, RBF neural network employs fuzzy mean algorithm to accelerate the procedure of parameters and structure selection. Meanwhile, graphed-based discrete approach, which depends on the general formulation of discrete functional regularization on weighted graph, can be used to address cellular extraction segmentation problem.