We obtained upconversion light-emitting photonic materials (Y2Ti2O7: Tb, Yb) with an inverse opal structure by a self-assembly technique in combination with a sol-gel method, and investigated their upconversion emission properties. The results showed that the photonic band gap has a significant influence on the upconversion emission of Yb, Tb co-doped Y2Ti2O7 inverse opal photonic crystals. Significant suppression of the blue or green upconversion emission was detected if the photonic band gap overlapped with the Tb3+ ions emission band.