A decomposition model of carbon emissions per capita for Hubei is set up by adopting Logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI) method based on the base equation of carbon emissions. The model is adopted to analyze the influence of energy structure, energy efficiency and economic development to carbon emissions per capita in Hubei since 1980, it reveales the reason for the increase of the carbon emissions per capita. Finally, it indicates the countermeasures and advice to reduce effectively the carbon emissions per capita in Hubei.