It needs the environment to provide the essential physical conditions, the spiritual condition and the activity spots for a head teacher's work development. If there are not the conditions and the places to make the guarantee, a head teacher is unable to do the work normally. The construction and optimization of environment itself is one kind of education, a head teacher's working progress itself is the construction and optimization of harmonious working conditions. The construction and optimization of harmonious working conditions should keep to the following principles: the integrity, the excitability, people-oriented, the creativity, fairness and tolerance. We can discuss the basic way to optimize the head teacher's harmonious working conditions according to the following three aspects : Setting up the harmonious ideas and integrating educational resources optimizes macroscopic environment in which the head teacher works; establishing incentive mechanism and improving related systems makes medium environment which the head teacher works; Persisting the Theory of “People Oriented”, promoting working abilities and building the microscopic environment.