Experience-based access management (EBAM) is a life-cycle model for identity and access management. It incorporates models, techniques, and tools to reconcile differences between the ideal access model, as judged by professional and legal standards, and the enforced access control, specific to the operational system. EBAM's principal component is an expected-access model that represents differences between the ideal and enforced models on the basis of access logs and other operational information. A technique called access rules informed by probabilities (ARIP) can aid EBAM in the context of healthcare organizations.