In recent years, with the extending highway construction scale in mountain areas, there is lack of traffic safety facilities in some mountain areas. The problems of unreasonable and irregular traffic guarantee engineering construction stand out. Especially in rural highway in mountain areas with complex topography, the traffic accident rates are increasing, causing lots of dead and economic losses. Studying deeply on rural highway traffic safety problems in mountain areas and improving rural highway traffic safety level are the problems that we need to solve urgently. This essay analyzes the law of rural highway traffic accidents in mountain areas and makes a conclusion that the existing problems in rural highway safety managements in mountain areas at present. Based on this, this essay analyzes systematically the influent factors of rural highway traffic safety and a conclusion can be drew that the frequent rural highway traffic accidents in mountain areas not only are caused by bad line type for roads and no security arrangements are set. At last, based on macro-management level, it proposes a series of positive highway safety management countermeasures including strengthening traffic safety education, establishing traffic safety management system, improving passenger transport policy and management system, formulating dangerous sections inspection mechanisms.