Traditional rural technology management and service system is the resource allocation mode based on the government-oriented. During the urban and rural harmonious development, the rural elements combination has been changing, which provides the conditions for the market allocation of rural technology resources, and also makes new demands on the existing science and technology management and service system. This article analyzed the new conditions and requirements faced by the rural science and technology management and service in the process of urban and rural harmonious development; presented the objectives, principles, strategic emphasis, and the corresponding measures of the new type of rural science and technology management and service system under the background of urban and rural harmonious development.