This paper investigates the way of overcoming the bottleneck on lack of resources and on environment, and to achieve economic sustainable development in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. The present situation of the resources, environment and industrial structure was investigated, and the main problems were analyzed. Based on the development experience of the domestic and foreign urban agglomeration, the corresponding development countermeasures were given. Two new methods of ecological development planning and upgrading of resource-based industries were put forward. The results showed that the science and technology innovation and circular economy are the important ways of industrial structure, resources and environment coordinated development in central Yunnan.