In the structural vibration control, the object often has time-varying and non-linear characteristics, and its exact model is difficult to establish. Due to lack the ability of learning and regulating online, traditional fuzzy control using fuzzy reasoning also has obvious limitations. Adaptive fuzzy control method based on variable universe has advantages such as no need for exact models, fast response, high precision and strong robustness. It can solve the above two problems better. In this paper, the variable universe adaptive fuzzy control algorithm is researched based on the five-story building structure model. Firstly, the corresponding structure design is provided in details, and then the control law is given. Finally, through comparison and simulation, it is proved that the adaptive fuzzy control method based on variable universe is more effective than the traditional fuzzy control algorithm.