The work purpose is the study of a spatial electromagnetic field distribution in metamaterials (periodical structures - photonic crystals (PC), complex media), and the development of the corresponding technique both for GHz and THz frequency band. The technique of the recording of spatial field distribution in one-dimensional photonic crystal in microwave band using the method of a passive and active probe has been developed and corresponding set ups has been designed. The electromagnetic field spatial distributions for the pass bands and stop bands of one-dimensional photonic crystals have been measured. The concentration of the electromagnetic field near the boundary of spatially-bounded photonic crystals was registered and the existence of the surface oscillation (Tamm oscillation) nearby the boundary between two photonic crystals has been revealed experimentally.