This paper discusses the difficulties and problems in the study of gearbox fault diagnosis currently, and moreover recommends a method to deal with non-linear model equations, non-Gaussian distribution noise of the fault diagnosis problems using particle filtering (PF) techniques. In this paper, By summarizing the current research situation and tendency both at home and abroad, it puts forward the main research content and the key technology to be resolved in the study of gearbox fault diagnosis, also gives the research methods and techniques route to solve these problems.