The development of intelligent system which accorded with human cognitive mechanism will exert a profound influence on national defense, economy, education, culture and etc. A computer simulation method according with cognitive mechanism of human vision was proposed on the basis of Structural Decomposition Theory. Many basic shape feature information tables of similar object from different side can determine a kind of object uniquely. System weighted basic shape features in two different information tables by membership degree and then calculated similarity. The identifying object which had the maximum similarity with it in system was what we needed. The system used 83 pictures of 6 kinds of objects with different side for training and testing. The experiment results demonstrated, task of basic shape extraction, object recognition and others can be completed effectively with the method in paper. The method in paper can be a new attempt on computer simulation method according with cognitive mechanism of human vision from cognitive field.