Summary form only given. Customers of semiconductor suppliers expect high quality of parts driven by the competitive market they serve. This necessary burden is on the semiconductor companies and their manufacturing locations. Few defective ICs and PCBs should get through the line to the end customers and more importantly, even fewer with reliability issues should make it to the end user. This is all at a cost... cost in design, fabrication, assembly and in testing the part; all to make sure a good quality part makes it through the supply chain. It is however a delicate balance between product cost and quality, and is heavily driven by the final application.