To evaluate the efficiency of road transportation in Henan province, using the objectivity of evaluations in Data Envelopment Analysis and the makers’ preference in the procedure of evaluating, an evaluation of efficiency based on AHP/PDEA model is proposed. By simulation of the road transportation efficiency in Henan Province, the required improvement of the subsequent build after the construction project of road transportation in all cities of Henan Province are analyzed, which can be referred for the builders’ decision. It can also be used to support the theories.