The thesis makes empirical research on the cointegration and causal relation between energy intensity and structure change in China. With time series data during 1980 to 2006, it is analyzed that energy intensity is the Granger reason of industry structure change. To promote the optimization and upgrade of industry structure, China should continue to reduce the proportion of coal in energy consumption, improve coal utilization ratio, and reduce the energy intensity. Also, problems such as the energy price's impact on energy intensity and astringency of energy intensity should be put into consideration when formulating energy policies.