After the First World War the Republic of Poland was an agricultural country where
almost 2/3 of the population of a country was cultivating. This agrarian structure, with dwarf
farms, was not very profitable, because it did not give maintenance to its owner, and it had
no prospects of development for the future. The most important issues were the remains of
archaic ways of farming such as patchwork and land communities.
Poland was not raised from the dead yet when the issue of the agrarian reforms divided
politicians into two hostile camps. This state of the situation had disastrous influence on
reformist conceptions because some parties had more and more radical watchwords and the
other ones were falling into extreme conservatism. As a result of such conduct there was the
establishment of agrarian relations. On 10th July, 1919 the Seym (the lower house of the
Polish Parliament) adopted a resolution concerning the agricultural reform and on 15th July,
1920 following it a bill, which were both the result of the compromise. None of political
options was satisfied of that bill, so nobody cared deeply about the realization of the bill.
Władysław Grabski did not have to be concerned about the demands of the agricultural
reform which were becoming more and more radical. The tension round the issue was his
own fault, the consequence of the adoption of the tactic to find support in the Seym. The
Prime Minister did not have any uniform, reformist manifesto. He was selecting his associates
on the basis of the profit or the loss of votes in Parliament, not taking the realization of
the bill into consideration. In the first half ol 1924, when the highest positions were taken
by the people of the Right, Władysław Grabski was realizing the conception of the transformation
of the agrarian structure using economic stimuli. Bigger properties were due to be taxed. At
the same time some preparations were made to introduce State Agricultural Bank whose aim was to help in integrating of farmlands. To meet with support in Parliament Władysław
Grabski resigned as Minister of Agricultural Reforms. W. Kopczyński, the candidate of the
Polish Peasant Party „Liberation" was Władysław Grabski’s successor. It was unavoidable to
introduce the issue of the agricultural reform in forum of the Seym where politics were more
important than sober thinking. It was failure of reforms connected with the Polish country
because politics once again won with a Polish raison d’etat.