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After the 2nd World War the Misdemeanour Law of European socialist countries included, apart from the traditional penalties, measures of an educational character. The assumption of gradual abolition of repressive measures accompanying the development of a socialist society lay in the basis for introducing them. Typically, a fine was the basic sanction for committing an offence. The highest upper limit...
Katarzyna Laskowska, the author of this article, discusses the evolution of Soviet law against alcoholism in the years 1917–1991. She illustrates the scope and changes of both administrative law and criminal law in terms of alcohol consumption and its availability. Additionally, she underlines the responsibility of alcohol for crimes committed while under its influence. The article also includes an...
On July 16, 1990, the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada. The document proclaimed, “the basis for the new constitution and the laws of Ukraine.” An urgent need arose for the state authorities to be restructure in a way appropriate for an independent state. Sources of solutions were sought in three areas: in the models of stabilized governments of Western...
The paper describes the genesis and the circumstances of the agreements concluded by the Polish Committee of National Liberation with the Soviet Socialist Republics of Ukraine and Belarus on September 9, 1944 and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Lithuania on September 22, 1944, regulating the relocation of the population and the impact their conclusion had on the signatory parties and the relocated...
One of the most drastic legal solutions introduced after the outbreak of the October Revolution was the abolition of inheritance. In subsequent years the basic institutions of inheritance law have been gradually restored, but the scope of the inheritance law granted to citizens has remained narrow. The purpose of this paper is to indicate the potential impact of these Soviet patterns on contemporary...
On 23rd February 1930 inWilno (Vilnius), an inaugurational meeting of members of the East Europe Scientific-Research Institute took place. This Institute played the most important role in Polish Sovietology research prior to World War II. The Institute annually published “Rocznik Instytutu Naukowo-Badawczego Europy Wschodniej w Wilnie”. In addition, legal issues were published in “Wileński Przegląd...
During the existence of the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989), the dominant ideology was that of Marxism-Leninism. It wielded strong influence on the official world-view. The ideology aspired to explain, in reality, all phenomena and processes. However, within a short period of time it became apparent that Marxism-Leninism had its weaknesses, for example, developing the sciences was conditional...
The nationalization processes in People’s Poland had already begun at the time of establishment of the Polish Committee of National Liberation. Enterprises were submitted under temporary state management and were expropriated on the basis of various regulations, including those enacted by Pilsudski’s sanation. The food industry was nationalized as part of the land reform. Industrial enterprises which...
This essay presents a short analysis of Stalin solicitors in their efforts to establish a Russian legal journal on the Polish market. The “Voprosov ugolovnogo i grażdanskogo prava”, was released as a quarterly addition to a monthly journal “Nowe Prawo”. With the first edition published on the 16th of March 1951, the journal was originally aimed at legal academics in the USSR and other socialist republics...
The Soviet law, which was created at the beginning of the 20th century in Soviet Russia, had evolved on the basis of the legal tradition of Continental Europe; it was a legal system based on the Marxist law theory as understood in Soviet Russia and later in the USSR and the countries that came under its influence, and it differed considerably from the idea of law in Roman and Germanic legal circles...
Boris Yeltsin was not able to (or could not) complete the democratic revolution, so he based state-building on the alliance of the old order and the new order. As a consequence, Russia after 1991 was built on the foundation of the USSR, while further problems of the country were solved not by the intensification of democratic reforms, but rather by an increasingly stronger adaptation to new realities...
After the 1917 revolution in Russia, the Ukrainians began their struggle for independence. They created the state’s authorities and in January 1918, proclaimed independence. Ukraine at that time was occupied both by German and Austro-Hungarian troops. The Ukrainian authorities signed a tripartite agreement with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire to protect the newborn state from the Bolshevik...
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