International Journal of Pharmaceutics

Items from 1 to 20 out of 27 results

article

Micronization of drugs using supercritical carbon dioxide

J. Kerč, S. Srčič, Ž. Knez, P. Senčar-Božič

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 33 - 39

Particles from gas saturated solutions, a novel method for high pressure material processing, has been used for micronization of practically insoluble calcium-channel blockers nifedipine and felodipine and the hypolipidemic agent fenofibrate with the aim of increasing their dissolution rate and hence their bioavailability. Dependent on the pre-expansion conditions, a mean particle size of between...

article

Pharmaceutical grade phyllosilicate dispersions: the influence of shear history on floc structure

C. Viseras, G.H. Meeten, A. Lopez-Galindo

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 7 - 20

The effect of mixing conditions on the flow curves of some clay-water dispersions was studied. Two Spanish fibrous phyllosilicates (sepiolite from Vicalvaro and palygorskite from Turon) and a commercial bentonite (Bentopharm ⁽ C), UK) were selected as model clays. The disperse systems were made up using a rotor-stator mixer working at two different mixing rates (1000 and 8000 rpm), for periods...

article

A high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry study of the interaction between poloxamers and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes

Jonathan D. Castile, Kevin M.G. Taylor, Graham Buckton

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 101 - 110

High sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (HSDSC) has been used to measure the thermal behaviour of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes to which poloxamer surfactants P338 or P407 had been added during or after preparation. The phospholipid pre-transition was more sensitive than the main transition to the association of poloxamers with...

article

Formulation and in vivo evaluation of ocular insert containing phenylephrine and tropicamide

Yung-Chi Lee, Jeffrey W. Millard, Gerald J. Negvesky, Salim I. Butrus, more

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 121 - 126

A Gelfoam(R) based ocular device containing 1.7 mg of phenylephrine and 0.6 mg of tropicamide was formulated and evaluated for pupillary dilation in rabbits. The manufacturing procedure is fairly simple and the required excipients are inexpensive. The in vivo results show that the mydriatic response produced by the proposed device is larger and longer lasting than that produced by eyedrops with an...

article

Topical delivery of caffeine from some commercial formulations

M. Dias, A. Farinha, E. Faustino, J. Hadgraft, more

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 41 - 47

Permeation of caffeine through human skin and artificial membranes (mounted in modified Franz type diffusion cells) was evaluated, either from saturated solutions or from commercially available topical formulations (all containing 3% caffeine). Data interpretation of the caffeine diffusion through human skin does not implicate transfer through pores despite caffeine being a relatively polar molecule...

article

The in vitro evaluation of polyethylene glycol esters of hydrocortisone 21-succinate as ocular prodrugs

S.M. Foroutan, D.G. Watson

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 79 - 92

The rate of hydrolysis of polyethylene glycol esters of hydrocortisone 21-succinate (H-PEGs) by a commercial esterase and by enzymes from ovine cornea was studied. Both the commercial esterase and the corneal enzymes rapidly hydrolysed the H-PEGs. Both lipophilicity and the PEG chain length had an influence on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis, a significant decrease in enzymatic hydrolysis rate being...

article

Drug interactions with diosmectite: a study using the artificial stomach-duodenum model

N. Castela-Papin, S. Cai, J. Vatier, F. Keller, more

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 111 - 119

Drug interactions with diosmectite, a gastric-protective drug, were studied in vitro using an artificial stomach-duodenum model. The behavior of neutral and ionisable drugs with pK _a values ranging between 2 and 8 was monitored to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the interactions. The main neutral (digoxin) and acid (valproic acid) drug substances were moderately fixed by clay...

article

Pharmaceutical Experimental Design, G.A. Lewis, D. Mathieu, and R. Phan-Tan-Lu, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1999, 498 pages, ISBN 0-8247-9860-0.

Fridrun Podczeck

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 127 - 128

article

Water movement evaluation during extrusion of wet powder masses by collecting extrudate fractions

G. Tomer, J.M. Newton

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 71 - 77

Water is normally the liquid of choice in extrusion/spheronisation systems. Its behaviour during the process is crucial to its success. In most extrusion formulations water moves under the pressures involved. It is important to understand how to control and limit water movement, and to understand its consequences. Five drug models were mixed with microcrystalline cellulose and with three different...

article

A method using biodegradable polylactides/polyethylene glycol for drug release with reduced initial burst

Yi-You Huang, Tze-Wen Chung, Tzeng-Wen Tzeng

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 93 - 100

Post-coating of biodegradable polylactides (PLA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres with a gelatin film produced by dipping the microspheres into a gelatin solution to reduce the initial drug release burst was investigated. Biodegradable block PLA/PEG microspheres, prepared by o/w emulsion/solvent evaporation, showed that the hydrophilic segment PEG protruded to the sphere surface. However, these...

article

Intranasal absorption of melatonin in vivo bioavailability study

Erik Bechgaard, Karsten Lindhardt, Lise Martinsen

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 1 - 5

The bioavailability of melatonin in rabbits after nasal administration of two formulations has been studied. In each case, a total amount of 1.5 mg melatonin in 50 μl was administered and compared with 1.5 mg i.v. The test solutions were formulated with 40% polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300), one with 1% sodium glycocholate (+GC) and one without (-GC). The bioavailability for +GC was 94% (S.D.+/-29%,...

article

Effect of chitosan on epithelial permeability and structure

Valérie Dodane, M. Amin Khan, June R. Merwin

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 21 - 32

Numerous studies have shown that chitosan, a mucoadhesive polymer, is a potential enhancer for transmucosal drug delivery. To further understand the mechanisms involved in chitosan action on the mucosal barrier, the activity of chitosan on the function and structure of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells was investigated. In Caco-2 cells, chitosan caused a reversible, time and dose-dependent...

article

Cellular delivery of hammerhead ribozymes conjugated to a transferrin receptor antibody

Andrew J. Hudson, Nadia Normand, John Ackroyd, Saghir Akhtar

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 49 - 58

Chemically-modified hammerhead ribozymes are sequence-specific RNA enzymes that can cleave target mRNA. These molecules have potential application as biological tools to understand gene expression and as therapeutic agents for the selective down-regulation of genes implicated in disease. However, as a result of their polyanionic character and relatively large molecular weights, ribozyme delivery to...

article

Solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers of hydrocortisone and progesterone complexes with β-cyclodextrins

Roberta Cavalli, Elena Peira, Otto Caputo, Maria Rosa Gasco

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 1 > 59 - 69

Inclusion complexes of hydrocortisone and progesterone were formed with β-cyclodextrin or 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. The formation of the complexes was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The inclusion complexes were incorporated in two types of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). In the presence of the complexes the sizes of SLN remained below 100 nm. DSC analysis showed that...

article

Optical surface roughness study of starch acetate compacts

Raimo Silvennoinen, Kai-Erik Peiponen, Ville Hyvärinen, Pasi Raatikainen, more

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 2 > 213 - 220

Optical surface roughness of starch acetate compacts was investigated by specular reflection of a laser beam as a function of angle of incidence. The intensity data was fitted using the model of Gaussian and Lorentzian curves to solve numerical values for optical surface roughness which was observed to be order of 1 μm with the present samples.

article

Effect of preparative variables on the properties of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)-methoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) copolymers related to their application in controlled drug delivery

A. Beletsi, L. Leontiadis, P. Klepetsanis, D.S. Ithakissios, more

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 2 > 187 - 197

The effect of certain preparative variables, such as the composition of the feed, the reaction time and the reaction temperature, on the properties of prepared poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)-methoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) (PLGA-mPEG) copolymers and on the yield of the reaction was investigated. The results with regard the molecular weight and yield were discussed in relation to a polymerization mechanism...

article

Morphological effect of microcrystalline cellulose particles on tablet tensile strength

K. Obae, H. Iijima, K. Imada

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 2 > 155 - 164

An attempt was made (1) to fractionate microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) particles of Avicel(R) PH-101 (PH grade) and Ceolus(R) KG-801 (KG grade) into four sieve fractions by using an air-jet sieve and (2) to disclose effects of morphology of the particle on tablet tensile strength, T. The morphology of MCC particles is one of the most important factors affecting T. T increased with an increase in...

article

Effects of tail alkyl chain length (n), head group structure and junction (Z) on amphiphilic properties of 1-Z-R-d,l-xylitol compounds (R=C _n H ₂ _n ₊ ₁ )

M.P. Savelli, P. Van Roekeghem, O. Douillet, G. Cavé, more

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 2 > 221 - 236

In the family of 1-Z-R-d,l-xylitol, we have determined the main amphiphilic properties of esters (Z=OCO) as a function of alkyl chain length (R=C _n H ₂ _n ₊ ₁ , n=4-17). A classical decrease of critical micelle concentration with the increase in the alkyl chain has been found. With water, esters displayed lamellar phases at temperatures of 25 ^o C or higher. The extent...

article

Surface modification and electrostatic charge of polystyrene particles

O.E. Cassidy, G. Rowley, I.W. Fletcher, S.F. Davies, more

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 2 > 199 - 211

Particle surface modification by poloxamer adsorption can significantly alter the electrostatic charge, adhesion behaviour and consequently handling properties of a material. The charge reduction on polystyrene spheres achieved by this modification technique is dependent on the concentration, molecular weight and conformation of poloxamer at the particle surface. Adsorption isotherms of poloxamers...

article

Index

International Journal of Pharmaceutics > 1999 > 182 > 2 > 259 - 260

Volume:
182
Year:
1999

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Number

2 (13)
1 (14)

Keywords

RHEOLOGY (2)
SURFACTANT (2)
TENSILE STRENGTH (2)
PK A (1)
ADSORPTION (1)
ANTIBODY CONJUGATES (1)
BIOADHESIVE (1)
BIOAVAILABILITY (1)
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS (1)
CACO-2 (1)
CAFFEINE (1)
CELL UPTAKE (1)
CLAY (1)
COPOLYMER PROPERTIES (1)
CORNEAL AND SCLERAL PENETRATION (1)
CORNEAL ENZYMES (1)
CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION (1)
D,L-XYLITOL (1)
DEPOSITION (1)
DIFFUSION (1)
DIOSMECTITE (1)
DISPERSE SYSTEMS (1)
DISPERSION (1)
DISSOLUTION (1)
DRUG RELEASE (1)
DRUG-CLAY INTERACTION (1)
DRY POWDER INHALERS (1)
ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE AND ADHESION (1)
ELONGATION RATIO (1)
EMULSIONS (1)
ENHANCER (1)
EXTRUSION (1)
FELODIPINE (1)
FENOFIBRATE (1)
FORMULATION EFFECTS (1)
FREEZE-THAW (1)
GELFOAM(R) (1)
HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME (1)
HIGH SENSITIVITY DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (1)
HYDROCORTISONE (1)
HYDROPHILIC/LIPOPHILIC BALANCE (1)
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT (1)
INCLUSION COMPLEXATION (1)
LACTOSE (1)
LATTICE MODEL (1)
LIPIDIC MATRIX (1)
LIPOSOME (1)
LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (1)
MELATONIN (1)
MICELLAR SOLUBILIZATION (1)
MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (1)
MICRODIALYSIS (1)
MICROENCAPSULATION (1)
MICRONIZATION (1)
MIXING PERFORMANCE (1)
MONENSIN (1)
MONOLITHIC CAPSULES (1)
MORPHOLOGY (1)
MYDRIASIS (1)
MYDRIATIC (1)
NASAL (1)
NIFEDIPINE (1)
NON-IONIC SURFACTANT (1)
OCULAR DEVICE (1)
PALYGORSKITE (1)
PARTICLE (1)
PERCOLATION THEORY (1)
PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION (1)
PGSS PROCESS (1)
PHARMACEUTICAL POWDER (1)
PHARMACOKINETICS (1)
PHASE TRANSITION TEMPERATURE (1)
PHENYLEPHRINE (1)
PHOSPHOLIPID (1)
PLA/PEG (1)
POLOXAMER (1)
POLOXAMERS (1)
POLY(LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE)-METHOXYPOLY(ETHYLENEGLYCOL) COPOLYMERS (1)
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 300. (1)
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL ESTERS (1)
POLYMER TABLETS (1)
POLYOL BEHENATES (1)
POLYSTYRENE PARTICLES (1)
POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUG (1)
PRODRUG (1)
RABBIT (1)
RADIOCHEMICAL IMPURITIES (1)
RECEPTOR MEDIATED DELIVERY (1)
RECTANGULAR BEAMS (1)
RELEASE STUDIES (1)
SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE (1)
SEPIOLITE (1)
SMECTITE (1)
SODIUM GLYCOCHOLATE (1)
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (1)
SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES (1)
STANNOUS CHLORIDE (1)
STARCH ACETATE (1)
STEROID (1)
SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (1)
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INFONA - science communication portal

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

Micronization of drugs using supercritical carbon dioxide

Pharmaceutical grade phyllosilicate dispersions: the influence of shear history on floc structure

A high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry study of the interaction between poloxamers and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes

Formulation and in vivo evaluation of ocular insert containing phenylephrine and tropicamide

Topical delivery of caffeine from some commercial formulations

The in vitro evaluation of polyethylene glycol esters of hydrocortisone 21-succinate as ocular prodrugs

Drug interactions with diosmectite: a study using the artificial stomach-duodenum model

Pharmaceutical Experimental Design, G.A. Lewis, D. Mathieu, and R. Phan-Tan-Lu, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1999, 498 pages, ISBN 0-8247-9860-0.

Water movement evaluation during extrusion of wet powder masses by collecting extrudate fractions

A method using biodegradable polylactides/polyethylene glycol for drug release with reduced initial burst

Intranasal absorption of melatonin in vivo bioavailability study

Effect of chitosan on epithelial permeability and structure

Cellular delivery of hammerhead ribozymes conjugated to a transferrin receptor antibody

Solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers of hydrocortisone and progesterone complexes with β-cyclodextrins

Optical surface roughness study of starch acetate compacts

Effect of preparative variables on the properties of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)-methoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) copolymers related to their application in controlled drug delivery

Morphological effect of microcrystalline cellulose particles on tablet tensile strength

Effects of tail alkyl chain length (n), head group structure and junction (Z) on amphiphilic properties of 1-Z-R-d,l-xylitol compounds (R=C _n H ₂ _n ₊ ₁ )

Surface modification and electrostatic charge of polystyrene particles

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