This article reviews the assessment and treatment of patients with civilian trauma-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and presents a decision-making process for choosing treatment components that best meet each patient's needs, based on C. M. Nezu and Nezu's (1995) problem-solving model. Areas of importance for assessment include thorough trauma history, PTSD symptomatology, level of behavioral avoidance, comorbid disorders, coping skills, and distorted cognitions. Instruments available for assessment of these areas are reviewed. Three cognitive behavioral treatments for PTSD are presented: stress inoculation training, prolonged exposure, and cognitive processing therapy. Multiple channel exposure therapy, a treatment that combines PTSD and panic control treatment, is also briefly presented. As there are currently very few empirical studies that have investigated matching clients' problems to treatments, particularly with regard to treatment of PTSD, the decision-making process of choosing treatment components from these treatments is discussed.