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The tonically active neurons (TANs) are a population of neurons scattered sparsely throughout the striatum that show intriguing patterns of firing activity during reinforcement learning. Following repeated pairings of a neutral stimulus with a primary reward, TANs develop a transient cessation of firing activity in response to the stimulus, termed the “conditioned pause response.” In tasks where specific...
As the major excitatory neurotransmitter used in the vertebrate brain, glutamate activates ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which mediate fast and slow neuronal actions, respectively. Important modulatory roles of mGluRs have been shown in many brain areas, and drugs targeting mGluRs have been developed for the treatment of brain disorders. Here, I review studies on mGluRs...
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