The angiotensin AT 2 receptor subtype was recently cloned and pharmacologically characterized but its function still remains elusive and controversial. It is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily with a minimal sequence homology with the AT 1 receptor, responsible for the known effect of angiotensin II. The AT 2 receptor displays a totally different signaling mechanisms from the AT 1 receptor and involves various phosphatases. It is expressed at low density in adult tissues but up-regulated in pathological circumstances. Clearly, the AT 2 receptor has antiproliferative properties and therefore opposes the growth promoting effect linked to the AT 1 receptor stimulation. It is also reported that the AT 2 receptor regulates ionic fluxes, affects differentiation and nerve regeneration, has anti-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic properties and stimulates apoptosis. However, the results, although suggestive, are sometimes equivocal. Obviously, the AT 2 receptor plays a role in the pathogenesis and remodeling of cardiovascular and renal diseases. A more extensive knowledge of the AT 2 receptor could therefore contribute to the understanding of the clincial beneficial effects of the AT 1 receptor antagonists.