In this paper, we report on a facile and environmentally friendly large-scale synthesis of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanowires by using an ultrasonic method without the introduction of any seeds, polymers, or surfactants. Highly luminescent nanowires of a one-dimensional terbium benzenetricarboxylate MOF, [Tb(1,3,5-btc)(H 2 O) 6 ] n (1,3,5-btc=benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate), with an average diameter of 50nm and lengths of up to a few micrometers can be easily obtained in a relatively high yield under ultrasound irradiation at 70°C and under atmospheric pressure. The structure and morphology of the as-synthesized MOF nanowires were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and field emmision scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The [Tb(1,3,5-btc)(H 2 O) 6 ] n nanowires obtained show strong luminescence emission at 548 and 492nm, and exhibit high selectivity for sensing of aromatic amines, such as aniline and p-phenylenediamine, in comparison with alkylamines (e.g. methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, n-butylamine and triethylamine). Such a significantly selective luminescence quenching effect of [Tb(1,3,5-btc)(H 2 O) 6 ] n nanowires for aromatic amines makes the nanostructured Tb-MOF-based sensing materials potential for sensing of aromatic amines in a mixture solution of organoamines.