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The venom of the Australian lowlands copperhead, Austrelaps superbus, produces significant and potentially lethal neurotoxic paralysis in cases of clinical envenomation. However, little is known about the neurotoxic components within this venom or venoms from the related alpine copperhead (Austrelaps ramsayi) or pygmy copperhead (Austrelaps labialis). Using the isolated chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle...
Rhynocoris marginatus is a predominant and potential reduviid predator of many economically important pests in India. The venomous saliva (VS) was collected by milking method and diluted with HPLC grade water to prepare different concentrations (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000ppm). The VS from R. marginatus was found to be toxic and the LD 50 of the VS in Spodoptera litura third instar were 768...
Phycotoxin distribution and abundance was determined during an oceanographic expedition along a latitudinal transect of 27° extent in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, from the fjords of Tierra del Fuego Island to offshore Copiapó in the Atacama region along the Chilean coast. Plankton samples were harvested at regular intervals during the entire cruise and later analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled...
The authors present a summary of the proceedings and the recommendations of the the 4th International Conference on Envenomations by Snakebites and Scorpion Stings in Africa, held from April 25th to 29th in Dakar. After a two day training workshop for Senegalese health personnel on the most relevant aspects of the management of envenomations, about 270 participants met to share their experiences in...
The oriental catfish Plotosus lineatus is known to contain proteinaceous toxins in the skin secretion as well as in the venom gland. However, detailed properties and primary structures of the skin toxins have not been clarified. In this study, two proteinaceous toxins (toxins I and II) were purified from the skin secretion of oriental catfish by a combination of gel filtration, anion-exchange HPLC...
A capillary electrophoretic method for the determination of the amino acid β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) was achieved using a fused-silica capillary column (50 cm × 75 μm I.D.) filled with 5 mM sodium tetraborate solution (pH 9), with an applied voltage of 25 kV, at 25 °C. The method was then applied in quantifying BMAA in eighteen strains of lyophilized estuarine cyanobacteria, following amino...
Osteopontin (OPN) is a chemotactic, adhesive protein whose receptors include some integrins and matrix proteins known to have role in inflammatory and repair processes. We examined the time course of OPN expression at acute and chronic stages after intramuscular injection of Bothrops lanceolatus venom in rats. Additionally, we examined the expression of CD68 (a marker for phagocytic macrophages) and...
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