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Palytoxin (PTX), a potent toxin isolated from the marine soft coral Palythoa tuberculosa increases the cationic permeability of red cell membranes and inhibits the (Na + ,K + )-activated ATPase, effects that are completely reversed by ouabain. It has also been shown to compete with ouabain for a binding site and it has been suggested that it binds to the Na + ,K + -pump...
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), isolated from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetzing emend. Elenkin strain CCAP 1450/4 was tested for biological activity against four species of insect and the invertebrate Artemia salina. The efficacy of pesticidal activity was compared with various insecticides. The 24 hrld 50 value for third instar diamond-backed moth, Plutella xylostella, on ingestion...
Based on their mol. wts, notexin and scutoxin elute later than expected from gel filtration columns in multiple peaks [Francis et al. (1991) Toxicon29, 85–96]. Notexins present in these peaks have identical amino acid sequences and unmodified amino acid side-chains. Scutoxin is an isoform of notexin which contains arginine at position 16 and glutamate at position 82. Like notexin, it also elutes in...
Two non-transformed intestinal epithelial cell lines (RIE-1 and IEC-6) and three intestinal carcinoma cell lines (HT-29, T84 and MCA-38) were used to detect the toxic effects due to okadaic acid in the presence of mussel tissue homogenates. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measurement of the metabolic conversion of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide to its corresponding formazan...
The phospholipase A 2 neurotoxin, β-bungarotoxin, presynaptically blocks acetylcholine release. Its mechanism of action is unknown; however, our previous studies suggest that it inhibits phosphorylation of synaptosomal proteins, which might be expected to decrease neurotransmitter release. In our present study, we found that 1 nM β-BuTX blocked phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation of GAP-43,...
Russell's viper (Daboia russelli siamensis) venoms of four different lengths (21–25 cm, 40–60 cm, 81–90 cm and 101–110 cm) were studied by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Studies on biological and biochemical properties of the venom were also carried out. The venom of young snakes (21–60 cm) had a high lethal potency and possessed powerful coagulant and defibrinogenating activities compared...
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