This work studied the electrodeposition of aluminum (Al) coating on uranium (U) substrate from aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) ionic liquid at room temperature. The coating was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The adhesion between the coating and U substrate was estimated by thermal shock test. The corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated by open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization testing in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution. Results indicated that anodic etching of U in AlCl3-EMIC ionic liquid favored the adhesion of Al coating to U substrate by complete removal of the oxide on U surface. The inter-diffusion between Al and U at the interface was also observed. A uniform, compact and smooth coating was obtained at the current density of 20mA/cm2. The Al coating significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of U by reducing the corrosion current density by one order of magnitude.