Brain Research

Items from 1 to 20 out of 27 results

article

Neurogenic calcitonin gene-related peptide: a neurotrophic factor in the maintenance of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in adult skeletal muscles

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 83-97

This work addresses the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the physiological maintenance of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) molecular forms in motor endplate regions of adult Sprague-Dawley rat fast-twitch anterior gracilis muscles. Results show that: (a) CGRP is present in obturator nerve motor neurons which supply the gracilis muscle, as well as in the corresponding motor endplate regions...

article

Treatment with estrogen and progesterone affects relative levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in different regions of the adult rat brain

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 20-27

Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to examine the effects of acute estrogen and progesterone replacement on relative levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein in different regions of the adult rat brain. Adult ovariectomized animals were killed 53 h after receiving estrogen (E53), 53...

article

Effects of leptin on spinally projecting neurons in the PVN of the hypothalamus

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 210-215

The study examined whether intravenous (i.v.) leptin increased Fos-production in spinally projecting neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We combined (i) rhodamine tagged microspheres injected into the upper thoracic spinal cord and (ii) Fos (marker of neuronal activation) immunohistochemistry. Effects of recombinant murine leptin were compared to vehicle (containing lipopolysaccharide...

article

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor binding is altered and seizure potential reduced in pregnant rats

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 10-19

The objective of this study was to determine if a change in brain tissue excitatory amino acid receptor binding occurs during pregnancy using in vitro quantitative autoradiography and to examine seizure potential during pregnancy via central injection of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). For the receptor autoradiography studies, eight pregnant rats (day 21) and eight non-pregnant rats were euthanized with...

article

Estrogen receptor β and progesterone receptor mRNA in the intergeniculate leaflet of the female rat

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 196-200

The present study was undertaken to explore the possibility that the integration of hormonal cues in the regulation of neuroendocrine mechanisms may occur outside of the hypothalamus at the level of the lateral geniculate body. In situ hybridization for mRNA encoding estrogen receptor β and progesterone receptor was carried out on sections containing the lateral geniculate body using [ ³ ⁵...

article

Regulation of NMDA-stimulated [ ¹ ⁴ C]GABA and [ ³ H]acetylcholine release by striatal glutamate and dopamine receptors

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 106-117

Striatal function is heavily influenced by glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferent input. To ultimately better understand how the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), alters striatal function, we sought to determine how NMDA receptor function is influenced by activation of other glutamatergic receptors and by dopaminergic receptors. To this end, we used NMDA-stimulated efflux...

article

Estrogen decreases hypothalamic angiotensin II AT ₁ receptor binding and mRNA in the female rat

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 34-42

Estrogen has been shown to modulate angiotensin II (AngII)-regulated behaviors, such as thirst, and may do so by influencing the central renin-angiotensin system (RAS). While numerous studies have attempted to correlate changes in AngII receptors or other components of the RAS with estrogen treatment, the low abundance of these genes has made comparisons difficult. Generally, such experiments have...

article

Increased expression of growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in lower urinary tract pathways following cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 174-187

Alterations in the expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) were examined in lower urinary tract micturition reflex pathways in a chronic model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. In control animals, expression of GAP-43 was present in specific regions of the gray matter in the rostral lumbar and caudal lumbosacral spinal cord, including: (1) the dorsal commissure; (2) the dorsal...

article

Mossy fiber sprouting induced by repeated electroconvulsive shock seizures

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 28-33

The elicitation of repeated focal seizures (kindling) induces mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus of the rat. The present study investigated whether repeated generalized seizures also induce mossy fiber sprouting. Human psychiatric patients receive repeated generalized seizures during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Male Long-Evans rats received a course of eight electroconvulsive shock (ECS)...

article

Does sex or photoperiodic condition influence ZENK induction in response to song in European starlings?

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 78-82

Variables such as the photoperiod a bird experiences, or its sex, affect behavioral responses to song. The present experiment investigated whether song-induced expression of the immediate-early gene ZENK is also influenced by sex or photoperiod. We examined the expression of the protein product of ZENK in wild-caught male and female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in different photoperiodic...

article

Effects of fasting and insulin-induced hypoglycemia on brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 135-142

This study was done to determine the effects of 12 h fasting-induced mild hypoglycemia (blood glucose 60 mg/dl) and insulin-induced moderate hypoglycemia (blood glucose 35 mg/dl) on brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets. Sixty-three ventilated piglets were divided into six groups; normoglycemic control (NC, n=8), fasting-induced mildly hypoglycemic...

article

Changes in selective brain cooling across the behavioral states of the ultradian wake-sleep cycle

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 206-209

In cats, the behavioral state-dependent negative correlation of the pontine-hypothalamic temperature difference, an indicator of selective brain cooling, with the hypothalamic-ear pinna temperature difference, which is an indicator of heat loss from the heat exchangers of the head, is suppressed after bilateral common carotid ligature. Behavioral state-dependent selective brain cooling may underlie...

article

[ ³ H]Spermine binding to synaptosomal membranes from the chick retina

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 150-156

The binding of [ ³ H]spermine to synaptosomal membranes from chick retina was examined. Saturable specific binding of [ ³ H]spermine to synaptosomal membranes from plexiform layers of retina (P ₁ and P ₂ ) has been characterized, and found to concentrate in the inner plexiform layer compared to the outer plexiform layer (B _m _a _x =9.3 and 37 pmol/mg protein...

article

Involvement of peripheral NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in development of persistent firing of spinal wide-dynamic-range neurons induced by subcutaneous bee venom injection in the cat

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 98-105

To study the roles of peripheral excitatory amino acids receptor subtypes N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors in persistent nociception, extracellular single unit recording technique was used to assess the effects of a single dose NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists, AP ₅ (5-aminophosphonovaleric acid) and CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) or DNQX (6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione),...

article

Vagotomy does not affect thermal responsiveness to intrabrain prostaglandin E ₂ and cholecystokinin octapeptide

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 157-163

Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy has been repeatedly shown to attenuate the febrile response to peripherally injected pyrogens. In the present study, we investigated whether vagotomy-induced attenuation of febrile responsiveness reflects a decreased sensitivity of the brain to central fever mediators, prostaglandin E ₂ (PGE ₂ ) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). Male rats were subjected...

article

Hyposmotically induced amino acid release from the rat cerebral cortex: role of phospholipases and protein kinases

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 1-9

In an evaluation of the contribution of swelling-induced amino acid release, through the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) process, to cerebral ischemic injury, studies of the role of phospholipases and protein kinases in the response to hyposmotic stress were undertaken using an in vivo rat cortical cup model. Hyposmotic stress induced significant releases of aspartate, glutamate, glycine, phosphoethanolamine,...

article

Calbindin-D 28kD immunofluorescence in ventral mesencephalic neurons labeled following injections of Fluoro-Gold in nucleus accumbens subterritories: inverse relationship relative to known neurotoxin vulnerabilities

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 67-77

The shell and core of the nucleus accumbens exhibit different vulnerabilities to neurotoxins. Calcium binding proteins are reported to offer some neuroprotection against excitotoxicity by suppressing or buffering intracellular calcium. Differences in the distributions of the calbindin-D 28kD (CB) and calretinin (CR) might be related to the different vulnerabilities to neurotoxins of dopaminergic neurons...

article

Age-related changes in ultrastructural features of cathepsin B- and D-containing neurons in rat cerebral cortex

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 43-54

The present study examines age-related changes in the subcellular localization of cathepsin B (cath B) and cathepsin D (cath D), as well as morphological features of the cathepsin-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in rat cerebral cortex. Sprague-Dawley rats were studied at 3 and 26 months. By immunoelectron microscopy cath B- or cath D-immunoreactivities were found in many, but not all, pyramidal neurons...

article

Changes in extracellular glutamate and pressor response during muscle contraction following AMPA-receptor blockade in the RVLM and CVLM

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 164-173

We examined whether modulation of cardiovascular responses by administering 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, an AMPA-receptor antagonist) into the rostral (RVLM) or caudal (CVLM) ventrolateral medulla are mediated via changes in extracellular levels of glutamate. Microdialysis probes were inserted bilaterally into the RVLM or the CVLM. For the RVLM experiments (n=8), muscle contraction...

article

Effect of small changes in temperature on CA1 pyramidal cells from rat hippocampal slices during hypoxia: implications about the mechanism of hypothermic protection against neuronal damage

Brain Research > 1999 > 844 > 1-2 > 143-149

Small reductions in temperature have been shown to improve neurologic recovery after ischemia. We have examined the effect of temperature on biochemical and physiological changes during hypoxia using rat hippocampal slices as a model system. The postsynaptic population spike recorded from the CA1 pyramidal cell region of slices subjected to 7 min of hypoxia with hypothermia (34 ^o C) recovered...

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844
Year:
1999

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GLUTAMATE (3)
HIPPOCAMPUS (2)
ISCHEMIA (2)
NMDA (2)
NMDA RECEPTOR (2)
SPINAL CORD (2)
TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE (2)
CO 2 + -STAINING (1)
PHOSPHOLIPASE A 2 (1)
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE MOLECULAR FORMS (1)
ACH RELEASE (1)
ADULT SKELETAL MUSCLE (1)
AGING (1)
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (1)
AMPA/KAIN RECEPTOR (1)
ANGIOTENSIN II (1)
ANOXIA (1)
ATAXIA (1)
ATP (1)
BARREL CORTEX (1)
BDNF (1)
BIRD SONG (1)
BLOOD PRESSURE (1)
CA(2+)-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE (1)
CALBINDIN-D 28KD (1)
CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (1)
CALRETININ (1)
CARBON MONOXIDE (1)
CAROTID RETE (1)
CATHEPSIN B (1)
CATHEPSIN D (1)
CAUDAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA (1)
CEREBELLUM (1)
CEREBRAL CORTEX (1)
CEREBRAL METABOLISM (1)
CEREBRAL MICROVASCULAR PLASMA PERFUSION (1)
CHICK RETINA (1)
COGNITION (1)
CREB (1)
CYTOKINES (1)
DEGENERATING CELL (1)
DILUTE-LETHAL MOUSE (1)
DOPAMINE (1)
DORSAL HORN (1)
DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (1)
ECS (1)
ECT (1)
ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK SEIZURE (1)
ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (1)
EMBOLIC STROKE (1)
ENDOGENOUS ANTIPYRESIS (1)
EPILEPSY (1)
ESTRADIOL (1)
ESTROGEN (1)
ESTROGEN RECEPTOR (1)
EXCITATORY AMINO ACID (1)
EXPRESSION PROFILING (1)
FASTING (1)
FEVER (1)
FLUORO-GOLD (1)
FOS IMMUNOREACTIVITY (1)
GABA RELEASE (1)
GFAP (1)
HABITUATION (1)
HORMONE REPLACEMENT (1)
HYPERTHERMIA (1)
HYPOGLYCEMIA (1)
HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (1)
HYPOTHALAMUS (1)
HYPOTHERMIA (1)
HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA (1)
IL-1Β (1)
IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE (1)
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION HISTOCHEMISTRY (1)
INSULIN (1)
INTRACELLULAR MICROELECTROPHYSIOLOGY (1)
LASER-SCANNING CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY (1)
LATERAL COLLATERAL PATHWAY (1)
LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS (1)
LEPTIN (1)
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (1)
MAP2 (1)
MES (1)
MICRODIALYSIS (1)
MOSSY FIBER SPROUTING (1)
NERVE (1)
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION (1)
NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (1)
NEWBORN PIGLET (1)
NF-KAPPA B (1)
NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE (1)
NON-NMDA RECEPTOR (1)
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (1)
PARKINSON'S DISEASE (1)
PERSISTENT NOCICEPTION (1)
PHOSPHORYLATION (1)
PHOTOPERIOD (1)
PITUITARY (1)
PONS (1)
POTASSIUM (1)
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Brain Research

Neurogenic calcitonin gene-related peptide: a neurotrophic factor in the maintenance of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in adult skeletal muscles

Treatment with estrogen and progesterone affects relative levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in different regions of the adult rat brain

Effects of leptin on spinally projecting neurons in the PVN of the hypothalamus

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor binding is altered and seizure potential reduced in pregnant rats

Estrogen receptor β and progesterone receptor mRNA in the intergeniculate leaflet of the female rat

Regulation of NMDA-stimulated [ ¹ ⁴ C]GABA and [ ³ H]acetylcholine release by striatal glutamate and dopamine receptors

Estrogen decreases hypothalamic angiotensin II AT ₁ receptor binding and mRNA in the female rat

Increased expression of growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in lower urinary tract pathways following cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis

Mossy fiber sprouting induced by repeated electroconvulsive shock seizures

Does sex or photoperiodic condition influence ZENK induction in response to song in European starlings?

Effects of fasting and insulin-induced hypoglycemia on brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets

Changes in selective brain cooling across the behavioral states of the ultradian wake-sleep cycle

[ ³ H]Spermine binding to synaptosomal membranes from the chick retina

Involvement of peripheral NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in development of persistent firing of spinal wide-dynamic-range neurons induced by subcutaneous bee venom injection in the cat

Vagotomy does not affect thermal responsiveness to intrabrain prostaglandin E ₂ and cholecystokinin octapeptide

Hyposmotically induced amino acid release from the rat cerebral cortex: role of phospholipases and protein kinases

Calbindin-D 28kD immunofluorescence in ventral mesencephalic neurons labeled following injections of Fluoro-Gold in nucleus accumbens subterritories: inverse relationship relative to known neurotoxin vulnerabilities

Age-related changes in ultrastructural features of cathepsin B- and D-containing neurons in rat cerebral cortex

Changes in extracellular glutamate and pressor response during muscle contraction following AMPA-receptor blockade in the RVLM and CVLM

Effect of small changes in temperature on CA1 pyramidal cells from rat hippocampal slices during hypoxia: implications about the mechanism of hypothermic protection against neuronal damage

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