Based on flight test data, an identification technology for dynamic loads is proposed in this paper. Thereafter, the assumption, theory, and identification flow-chart are also provided. Taking structural component vibration data of an aircraft during flight test as an example, an engineering application of identifying dynamic loads based on flight test data is offered. The approach presented in this paper is fit for engineering practices, especially for fast evaluation of structural dynamical strength during flight test. It can also be used for predicting or evaluating structural vibration fatigue life