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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential structural components of all cell membranes and, more so, of the central nervous system. Several studies revealed that n-3 PUFAs possess anti-inflammatory actions and are useful in the treatment of dyslipidemia. These actions explain the beneficial actions of n-3 PUFAs in the management of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, neuronal...
This study investigates the impact of genetic variation in the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) gene on formation of the vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined COX-1 genotypes, PGF 2α formation and CVD prevalence in a Swedish cohort of 809 men at age 77 years. Of these, 237 had a...
Phenytoin sodium/diphenyl hydantoin (DPH) is used by a major segment of epileptics and neuro surgery patients with head injury to prevent seizures. DPH is a known mutagen, carcinogen, and teratogen. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are critical for various tissues and were reported to act as anti-mutagenic agents. In the present study we assessed the effect of five EFAs on DPH-induced genetic damage both...
Deficiencies in polyunsaturated essential fatty acids (PUFA) are implicated in mood disorders, although mechanisms of action and regional specificity in the brain are unknown. We hypothesized that plasma phospholipid PUFA levels are correlated with regionally specific relative cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (rCMRglu). Medication-free depressed subjects (N=29) were studied using [ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose...
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are important for neurodevelopment. Maternal diet influences milk DHA, whereas milk AA seems rather constant. We investigated milk AA, DHA and DHA/AA after supplementation of AA plus DHA, or DHA alone during pregnancy and lactation.Women were supplemented with AA+DHA (220mg each/day), DHA (220mg/day) or placebo during pregnancy and lactation. Milk...
Prior epidemiological, prospective intervention, and peripheral and central fatty acid composition studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may be associated with the pathoaetiology of depression and suicide. In the present study, we determined the fatty acid composition of the postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adolescent male and female suicide victims and age-matched controls. Fatty...
F 2 -isoprostanes have been associated with various forms of oxidant stress. The levels of F 2 -isoprostanes in a murine asthma model were studied both in situ and in vivo and further investigated whether the formation of F 2 -isoprostanes was associated with increased ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation after a 17-day (OVA-17) or a 24-day (OVA-24) protocol. Bronchial...
Optimal intake of the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and proper balance between intake of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA are important for human health. Considerable evidence exists to show that DHA has a marked benefit during pregnancy. Lifestyle factors can affect the biosynthesis of DHA from dietary precursors, incorporation into membranes and degradation. The...
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the world. A potential target for preventing and treating cervical cancer is cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2). Curcumin is an anti-inflammatory agent that is known to have anti-cox-2 activity. In this study we examined the expression of cox-2 in cervical cancer and its precursors by immunohistochemistry. The effect of curcumin in inhibiting...
Statins enhance the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) from their precursors both in vitro and in vivo. In particular, an increased conversion of linoleic acid (LA) and of alpha-linolenic acid to their derivatives is observed in cultured cells. On the contrary, cigarette smoke (CS) negatively and dose-dependently affects the LC-PUFA production.To evaluate the effects of...
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