To evaluate the possible associations between dietary factors and myopia.Cross-sectional study.Eight hundred fifty-one Chinese schoolchildren from the Singapore Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Myopia.Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Spherical equivalent (SE) refraction was assessed with an autorefractometer, and axial length (AL) by contact ultrasound A-scan biometry.Myopia was defined as SE≤–0.5 diopters (D). Spherical equivalent and AL were analyzed by quartile groups.The mean age (±standard deviation) was 12.81±0.83 years, approximately half were male (422 children [49.6%]), and 653 (73.8%) children had myopia. In multivariate models, AL was longest in the highest quartile group of total cholesterol intake compared with the lowest (adjusted mean [95% confidence interval], 24.66 [24.62–24.71] mm vs. 24.32 [24.27–24.36] mm; P = 0.026, for trend) and was longest in the highest quartile group of saturated fat intake compared with the lowest (24.65 [24.60–24.70] vs. 24.36 [24.32–24.41] mm; P = 0.039, for trend). None of the nutrients was associated with SE or a diagnosis of myopia.Higher saturated fat and cholesterol intake are associated with longer AL in otherwise healthy Singapore Chinese schoolchildren.The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.