The catastrophe at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Station raised many medical problems. Study of the small pathogen zones of radioactive damage on the human organism is one of the most important problems. It is known that the effect on vessels is a sign of radiation damage. Lead is one of the global contaminants that creates a potential danger for human health. In lead poisoning the development of arterial hypertension plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. The cause of the arterial hypertension may be due to direct damage of small and middle size arterial and venous vessels or alteration of the vegetative regulation of the cardiovascular system activity with a tendency towards the hyperstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. This is followed by the stabilization of the pathological process and formation of sclerotic changes in the peripheral vascular channels. There is much in common in the pathogenesis of the vasculature by lead and by radionuclides. Small doses of lead and radiation cause the development of a neurocirculatory syndrome, with an increase of the physiological liability of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the combined influence of lead, nitrates, and radiation may be the first and most unfavorable factor from the pathological point of view to the cardiovascular system.