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Earth history is punctuated by events during which large volumes of mafic magmas were generated and emplaced by processes distinct from “normal” seafloor spreading and subduction-related magmatism. Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age are the best preserved, and comprise continental flood basalts, volcanic rifted margins, oceanic plateaus, ocean basin flood basalts, submarine...
New major and trace element data for the Permo–Triassic basalts from the West Siberian Basin (WSB) indicate that they are strikingly similar to the Nadezhdinsky suite of the Siberian Trap basalts. The WSB basalts exhibit low Ti/Zr (∼50) and low high-field-strength element abundances combined with other elemental characteristics (e.g., low Mg#, and negative Nb and Ti anomalies on mantle-normalised...
Recent mineral separate ages obtained on the Karoo large igneous province (southern Africa) suggest that the province was built by several distinct magmatic pulses over a rather long period on the order of 5–6 Ma concerning the main erupted volume [Jourdan, F., Féraud, G., Bertrand, H., Kampunzu, A.B., Tshoso, G., Watkeys, M.K., Le Gall., B., 2005. The Karoo large igneous province: Brevity, origin,...
Thermochemical plumes form at the base of the lower mantle as a consequence of heat flow from the outer core and the presence of local chemical doping that decreases the melting temperature. Theoretical and experimental modelling of thermochemical plumes show that the diameter of a plume conduit remains practically constant during plume ascent. However, when the top of a plume reaches a refractory...
The Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP) is one of the largest igneous provinces on Earth (>10 7 km 2 ), spanning four continents. Recent high-precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of mineral separates has provided important constraints on the age, duration, and geodynamic history of CAMP. Yet the North American CAMP is strikingly under-represented in this dating effort...
The Early Cambrian Kalkarindji Continental Flood Basalt Province in northern Australia is an important Large Igneous Province (LIP) both in size and timing. Being the earliest Phanerozoic LIP it may have had a severe effect on the Early Cambrian biota. Here, we investigate the extent of this province by testing the hypothesis that the extensive Table Hill Volcanics in south-central Australia are a...
Permian basalts are widely distributed in the Tarim Basin and surrounding areas of NW China. The magmatism is represented by basaltic flows in Keping and mafic and ultramafic dykes in Silurian–Devonian strata in Bachu, southwestern Tarim Basin. The basalts in Keping have SiO 2 (44.1%–55.5 wt.%) and total alkalis (Na 2 O+K 2 O=3.20–7.79 wt.%) similar to the mafic dykes in Bachu,...
The Willouran Basic Province in South-Central Australia and the Guibei large igneous province (LIP) in the South China Block are two of the most prominent Neoproterozoic LIPs related to the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. The Willouran Basic Province is dominated by tholeiitic mafic dykes (the Gairdner dykes), flood basalts (the Wooltana basalts), and mafic intrusions. The basaltic suites across...
In this paper, we present geochronological, geochemical and palaeomagnetic results from the Hlagothi Complex and a NW-trending dolerite dyke swarm on the southeastern region of the Kaapvaal Craton in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The Hlagothi Complex consists of layered sills of meta-peridotite, pyroxenite and gabbro intruding into the Pongola Supergroup. U–Pb baddeleyite ages on the Hlagothi...
The lithogeochemistry of eight Proterozoic Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) within Canada has been studied to determine the Ni–Cu–PGE prospectivity of these major magmatic events. Three of the LIPs, the 1.87Ga Chukotat, 1.27Ga Mackenzie and the 2.49–2.45Ga Matachewan LIPs, are associated with known magmatic Ni–Cu–PGE sulphide mineralisation. Four of the other LIPs, the 1.14Ga Abitibi, 0.59Ga Grenville,...
Primitive rocks that are related to continental flood basalts are rare, but often reveal crucial information on the ultimate sources of these huge outpourings of mantle-derived magma. Here we present mineral chemical data for mafic and ultramafic dikes from the Antarctic extension of the Jurassic (~180Ma) Karoo continental flood basalt province that was emplaced during the initial stages of the breakup...
The Early Permian magmatism in Tarim, NW China comprises diamondiferous kimberlites, lamprophyres, flood basalts, Fe–Ti oxide ore-bearing layered mafic–ultramafic intrusions, bi-modal dyke swarms, alkaline igneous complexes (including syenites and A-type granites), rhyolites and pyroclastic rocks. The extent of this intraplate magmatism exceeds 250,000km 2 , making it comparable to Large Igneous...
The Early Permian Panjal Traps of northern India represent a significant eruption of volcanic rocks which occurred during the opening of the Neotethys Ocean. Basaltic, basaltic-andesites, dacitic and rhyolitic rocks collected from Guryal Ravine and Pahalgam show evidence for subaerial and subaqueous eruptions indicating that they are contemporaneous with the formation of a shallow marine basin. The...
The Early Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province (LIP) in northwestern China has been related to a mantle plume, mostly constrained by petrology and geochemistry. However, the crustal uplift/erosion related to a mantle plume has rarely been addressed. In order to improve our understanding of crustal uplift/erosion we have studied the stratigraphy and sedimentology of eighty-five boreholes/outcrops and...
The Early Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province (LIP) in northwestern China contains a large area of silicic volcanics (~48,000km 2 ) which are spatially and temporally associated with mafic–ultramafic rocks. In order to understand the behavior of crust above a mantle plume, selected rhyolitic samples are investigated in terms of U–Pb zircon dating, geochemical and isotopic analyses. The Tarim...
A large data compilation has been assembled of platinum group element (PGE) analyses in mantle melts and mantle rocks, the latter including an assortment of xenoliths and obducted mantle massifs. The degree of correlation has been investigated among the PGEs and with other major element variables such as Al2O3, TiO2 and Mg number, and the results are considered in the context of the current paradigm...
The Siberian large igneous province (LIP) forms the world's most extensive continental exposure of basalt and has several sub-provinces surrounding it, which may be genetically related. The Taimyr peninsula of north Siberia is one of these sub-provinces and is frequently assumed to be the northerly continuation of the basalts exposed at Noril'sk, the best-studied area of the Siberian LIP. However,...
The Southern Oklahoma Aulocogen (SOA) stretches from southern Oklahoma through the Texas panhandle and into Colorado and New Mexico, and contains mafic through silicic magmatism related to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean during the early Cambrian. Cambrian magmatic products are best exposed in the Wichita Mountains (Oklahoma), where they have been extensively studied. However, their ultimate derivation...
The Bashisuogong (BSSG) complex is located in the tectonic transition zone between South Tianshan Collisional Belt (STCB) and Tarim Block (TB). The complex is composed of a mafic unit (mainly including gabbro and diabase) and a felsic unit (mainly composed of quartz syenite and alkali granite), both of which are crosscut by several diabase and alkali granite dykes. Here we present LA-ICP-MS zircon...
The Siletz terrane, a predominantly mafic accreted oceanic terrane, is located in the Cascadia forearc region of Oregon, Washington and Vancouver Island. The terrane represents a late Palaeocene–Eocene large igneous province that consists of pillow lavas, massive flows and intrusive sheets. Previously it has been proposed that the Siletz terrane represents either an accreted oceanic plateau, hotspot...
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