Escherichia coli are the most common etiological agents of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Uropathogenic E. coli (UPECs) produce specific toxins including the cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (CNF1) and the alpha-hemolysin (α-Hly). CNF1 triggers, through Rho protein activation, a specific gene response of host cells, which results in the production for instance of interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α). The alpha hemolysin α-Hly also triggers the production of inflammatory mediators. Cnf1 is always associated with α-hly in a pathogenicity island conserved among UPECs. Using two complementary approaches we have investigated whether α-hly and cnf1 bearing UPECs are associated with a specific type of UTI both in term of pathology and host response. Here we report that UPECs bearing α-hly/cnf1 have a prevalence of 50% in UPECs isolated from hemorrhagic UTIs, as compared to 30% in the overall UPEC population. In addition, we observed that MCP-1, and IL-8 to a lower extent, is produced in urine at higher concentrations in UTIs caused by UPECs carrying α-hly/cnf1.