Du 1 e r janvier 1989 au 31 decembre 1997, 175 enfants, dont 108 filles et 67 garcons, ont ete hospitalises et traites au service de pediatrie du CHU-Campus pour infection urinaire ; cette etude a fait suite a l'observation de la recrudescence de l'infection urinaire dans plusieurs formations de soins de sante du Togo et visait a repertorier tous les facteurs pejoratifs afin de mieux cerner cette affection et de reduire sa frequence et son taux de mortalite toujours en hausse ; le diagnostic d'infection urinaire a ete obtenu par la realisation chez chacun d'eux d'un examen cytobacteriologique des urines qui a montre le germe pathogene ; d'autres examens complementaires, l'echographie abdominale notamment, ont contribue a la decouverte de l'etiologie de l'infection urinaire ; toutefois, la vetuste du materiel de laboratoire et l'absence ou l'insuffisance de l'imagerie medicale ont limite les investigations a la recherche des etiologies de l'infection urinaire ; la guerison a ete declaree sur la base de l'absence de germe pathogene a l'examen cytobacteriologique des urines de controle ; la prevalence de l'infection urinaire a ete de 8,29 % avec une incidence de 7,84 % au service de pediatrie du CHU-Campus ; la symptomatologie clinique a ete atypique et polymorphe ; cependant, la fievre a ete au premier plan chez le nouveau-ne alors que les signes urologiques ont ete nets seulement a partir de la tranche d'age de deux a trente mois ; 141 enfants (80,57 %) ont ete gueris et 34 ont presente des complications dont 3,43 % a type de mortalite ; les mesures de prevention a type d'information, d'education et de communication (IEC) sur l'infection urinaire de l'enfant, pour les parents, la realisation systematique d'un examen cytobacteriologique des urines chez les enfants presentant un syndrome infectieux, des troubles digestifs, une stagnation ponderale et des manifestations otorhinolaryngologiques sans cause apparente, le traitement efficace de toute infection urinaire declaree, ont ete preconisees.
From 1 s t January 1989 to 31th December 1997, 175 enfants (108 females and 67 males) were hospitalised and treated at the pediatric service of CHU-Campus for urinary tract infection; this study follows the observation of the increasing of urinary tract infection in several centers of health in Togo; the aim of this study was to have a list the contributing factors, to understand the mecanism of such infection in order to reduce its frequency and the high percent of the mortality; the diagnosis of urinary tract infection was given by the result of the cytobacteriological exam of the urine which shows the pathological germ; others forms of the investigation, as abdominal echography were used also to look for the etiology of the urinary tract infection; but, the deficit of the of the medical imagery or the old material of the laboratories limited the searching of urinary tract infection etiology; cured enfants were decleared on the basis of absence of pathological germ in the result of the cytobacteriological exam control of the urine; the prevalence of the urinary tract infection was 8.29% with an incidence of 7.84% at the pediatric service of CHU-Campus; clinics symptoms were atypic and polymorphic; but the fever was the first clinical sign in the newly born and the urological signs were clear only from two to thirthy months; 141 children (80.57%) were cured and 34 presented the complications with 3.43% of mortality; preventive measures on the urinary tract infection in enfancy were proposed for the children parents and the practical physicians; these meseares included information, education and communication (IEC) on the urinary tract infection, the symptomatology and the cytobacteriological exam of the urine.