Retinal hemorrhage is a frequent finding in child abuse, but may also be associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, accidental trauma, and a variety of illnesses such as blood dyscrasias and infections. Although it is imperative that child abuse be considered in all children who present with retinal hemorrhages, whether retinal hemorrhages can be attributed to cardiopulmonary resuscitation in suspected cases of abuse poses a dilemma. The etiologies of retinal hemorrhage as well as the literature presently available to support or refute the various diagnoses are discussed. Guidelines for funduscopic examination in the Emergency Department as well as a clinical classification of retinal hemorrhage are provided. In addition, guidelines are suggested for the appropriate clinical investigations in children with retinal hemorrhages.On rencontre souvent l'hemorragie retinienne chez les enfants maltraites, mais elle peut aussi etre associee a la reanimation cardio-respiratoire, au traumatisme accidental et a une variete d'atteintes comme les dyscrasies et les infections. Bien que l'evocation du mauvais traitement s'impose dans tous les cas d'hemorragie retinienne chez les enfants, le dilemme est de determiner si ces hemorragies peuvent etre attribuables a la reanimation cardio-respiratoire dans les cas de mauvais traitement soupconnes. L'etiologie de l'hemorragie retinienne ainsi que la litterature presentement disponible pour appuyer ou refuter les divers diagnostics sont discutees. Nous presentons les lignes directrices pour l'examen du fond de l'oeil de meme que la classification clinique de l'hemorragie retinienne. De plus, nous suggerons des lignes directrices quant aux epreuves cliniques appropriees chez les enfants atteints d'hemorragie retinienne.