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It has been recently shown [S.D. Bartlett, T. Rudolph, R.W. Spekkens, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 027901] that information encoded into relative degrees of freedom enables communication without a common reference frame using entangled bipartite states. In this case the relative information stored in the two-qubit system is shared between the polarization degrees of freedom and the degree of entanglement...
The fractal character of some quantum properties has been shown for systems described by continuous variables. Here, a definition of quantum fractal states is given that suits the discrete systems used in quantum information processing, including quantum coding and quantum computing. Several important examples are provided.
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