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We present a bi-directional cellular automaton (CA) model for facing traffic of pedestrians on a footway with a soft boundary. Walkers are allowed to go across a soft boundary to avoid congestion. The soft boundary effect is taken into account in addition to the excluded-volume effect and bi-directionality. The CA model is not stochastic but deterministic. We study the effect of the soft boundary...
Two universality classes of spatiotemporal intermittency are seen in the spreading and non-spreading regimes of the sine circle map lattice, spatiotemporal intermittency of the directed percolation class, and spatial intermittency, not of the DP class, where the temporal behavior is regular. The transition between the two classes maps to a probabilistic to deterministic transition of the equivalent...
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