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For the first time, promethazine hydrochloride chemiluminescence emission was monitored. The paper describes a new, specific and highly sensitive flow injection (FI) method for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride using both a peristaltic and a syringe pump. The method was based on the chemiluminescence emission intensity produced as a result of its oxidation reaction with permanganate...
The limits of detection (3s) for ascorbic acid were 5x10 -8 M with acidic potassium permanganate using both flow injection analysis (FIA) and sequential injection analysis (SIA) whereas the soluble manganese(IV) afforded 1x10 -8 M and 5x10 -9 M for FIA and SIA, respectively. Determinations of ascorbic acid in Vitamin C tablets were achieved with minimal sample...
Requirements of high purity and enantiopurity for the raw materials of active substances used for the pharmaceutical formulations involved utilization of high reliable analytical techniques for the analysis of the active compound. Sequential injection analysis system with electrochemical sensors as detectors proved to be a very good alternative for the chromatographic methods, as it is more reliable,...
Sequential injection-bead-based immunoassay system has been developed. The main purpose is to make immunoassay process more automated by manipulating the precise delivery of micro-volumes of reagents and the precise timing of incubation and washing steps with a computer program that controls the bi-directional syringe pump. The manifold was designed with the aims of reducing back pressure from beads...
An intelligent, automatic system based on an array of non-specific-response chemical sensors was developed. As a great amount of information is required for its correct modelling, we propose a system generating it itself. The sequential injection analysis (SIA) technique was chosen as it enables the processes of training, calibration, validation and operation to be automated simply. Detection was...
A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed with the aim of obtaining an automatic and versatile way to prepare standards needed in the study of systems with higher dimensional sensor signals. To illustrate this, different analytical techniques were used in determinations of several analytes. Automated potentiometric calibrations of different potentiometric sensors, with and without...
A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed to monitor the concentration of l-cysteine in biological processes on-line. It is based on the redox reaction of l-cysteine with iron(III) in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and the detection of the red-iron(II)–phen complex with a spectrophotometry. The system was fully automated using software written in the LabVIEW™ development...
Sequential injection analysis (SIA) with lab-at-valve (LAV) approach for on-line liquid–liquid micro-extraction has been exploited. Sample, reagent and organic solvent were sequentially aspirated into a coil attached to a central port of a conventional multiposition selection valve, where the extraction process was performed. The aqueous and organic phases were separated in a conical separating chamber...
The sequential injection (SIA) technique was applied for the on-line preparation of an “oil in water” microemulsion and for the determination of aluminum in new and used lubricating oils by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) with Zeeman-effect background correction. Respectively, 1.0, 0.5 and 1.0ml of surfactants mixture, sample and co-surfactant (sec-butanol) solutions were sequentially...
A sequential injection analysis (SIA) using lab-on-valve with air segmentation and spectrophotometric detection was designed for copper(II) determination. It is based on the reaction of copper(II) and 2-carboxy-2′-hydroxy-5′-sulfoformazyl benzene (Zincon) in a weak alkaline solution between the air zones. Beer's Law was obeyed over the range of 0.1–2.0mgL −1 copper(II) with a correlation coefficient...
A sequential injection analysis system (SIA) is described which is suited for the fast determination of filterable molybdate reactive phosphate (FRP, 0.2μm) in coastal waters. It processes up to 270 samples per hour with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.05μM and is used for surface mapping of phosphate in areas with steep concentration gradients like the Wadden Sea. The determination is based on the reaction...
A smart and versatile flow system for the at-line monitoring of glycerol based on sequential injection analysis is proposed. Formaldehyde, generated by oxidation of glycerol with sodium periodate, is transformed into 2,4-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine applying the Hantzsch condensation reaction with acetylacetone and ammonium. Dual-wavelength detection was carried out to minimize the contribution of...
A sequential injection (SI)-DAD spectrophotometric method to control the exhaustion of dyes in a mixture of three dyes from a tanning industry process has been developed. It is based on an interdiffusion process of the sample and reagents which leads to a gradual fall in pH through the channel to the detector recording a data matrix. The aim of this paper is to develop a second-order calibration model...
Sequential injection analysis (SIA) was applied to multi-gas monitoring for atmospheric analysis. HONO, NO 2 or NO was collected in an individual diffusion scrubber in which the channel array was filled with either HCl or triethanolamine solution. All analytes were collected in the form of nitrite ions in the scrubber, and were transferred via a 12-port selection valve into a 2.5-ml syringe...
A sequential injection analysis (SIA) spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of zinc(II) with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) is described. The method is based on the measurement of absorbance of the zinc(II)–PAN chelate solubilized with a non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100, no extraction procedure is required in the proposed method, yielding a pink colored complex at pH...
In this work, the simultaneous quantification of three alkaline ions (potassium, sodium and ammonium) from a single impedance spectrum is presented. For this purpose, a generic ionophore – dibenzo-18-crown-6 – was used as a recognition element, entrapped into a polymeric matrix of polypyrrole generated by electropolymerization. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and artificial neural networks...
A sequential injection analysis procedure with dual-reagent chemiluminescence detection was applied to the screening of street drug seizure samples for the presence of heroin. The chemiluminescence reagents (acidic potassium permanganate and tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III)) were aspirated from either side of a sample aliquot that was sufficiently large to prevent interdispersion of the reagent...
Aqueous and micellar catalysis of horseradish peroxidase was studied in a sequential injection system through selecting the oxidation by hydrogen peroxide of two phenothiazines: the water-soluble chlorpromazine and perphenazine, a low water soluble, micellised in a Tween 80 medium. The coloured free-radical intermediate formed was monitored spectrophotometrically at 527nm. The system enables the determination...
An analytical system based on a multisensor ISFET array monolithically integrated in one chip, sequential injection analysis (SIA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) method for data processing is presented. Along with these the system carried a custom made flow cell with inner volume of 10μl for the sensor array and a 400μl of mixing cell for automatic preparation of liquid samples. The system was tested...
Novel approach to calibration by the complementary dilution method (CDM) is presented. The CDM integrates in a single procedure the set of standards and the standard addition calibration methods. The approach is implemented with the use of the fully automated monosegmented sequential injection system coupled to FAAS as a detector. It relies on generation of a series of standard solutions consistent...
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