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A simple flow-injection (FI) spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of total volatile aldehydes in auto exhaust gas and emission gas from thermal degradation was developed. Aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde, reacted with cyclohexane-1,3-dione (CHD) to form more strongly fluorescent compounds. A two-channel flow system was assembled. Distilled water...
A lot of modern analytical strategies for exploiting chemistries have been developed by using flow-injection analysis. However, even after 20 years of flow-injection evolution, there still are new quantitative procedures being established using old qualitative assays. The formation of Prussian Blue is a classical test to detect Fe 2+ using hexacyanoferrate(III) as a precipitating reagent....
A rapid and highly sensitive potentiometric flow-injection method for the determination of trace hydrogen peroxide was developed by use of an Fe(III)-Fe(II) potential buffer solution containing bromide and Mo(VI). The analytical method was based on a linear relationship between a concentration of hydrogen peroxide and a largely transient potential change of an oxidation-reduction potential electrode...
The linearity of the standard calibration curve in a flow-injection system involving a calcium-cresolphthalein complexone reaction was improved by replacing the organic base, 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol, with the weak inorganic acid-conjugate base, boric acid-borate system as buffer. This was done after a theoretical study done on the relationship between the amount of coloured complex, Ca 2 ...
An electron transfer mediator, 8-dimethylamino-2,3-benzophenoxazine (Meldola Blue), dissolved in the carrier solution in a flow-injection system, was found to reduce the oxidation potential for hydrogen peroxide from 600–1200 mV without mediator to-100 mV vs. Ag/AgCl with the mediator present. The very low background current of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) at this potential makes it possible...
A study of the electrochemical behavior of acrolein at a dropping mercury electrode using different polarographic techniques is described. Theoretical studies of the reversibility of the wave of acrolein were carried out using two different polarographic techniques: direct current tast and differential pulse. Differential pulse polarography may be used to determine acrolein concentration in a Britton-Robinson...
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in air at atmospheric pressure has been used to study four geological samples belonging to different structural families. Atomic emission spectra of vanadinite, pyrite, garnet and a type of quartz (compostela's quartz) are shown. The 532 nm line of a Nd:YAG laser at an irradiance of 18 10 11 W cm -2 was used. The precise focus...
A microwave-digestion system with a closed PTFE vessel was used to improve the leaching of inorganic constituents from biological samples with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The effects of microwave parameter settings and the quantities of TMAH and EDTA used on leaching efficiency were evaluated. This new digestion method has been applied to the...
A permselective-membrane pyrolytic graphite electrode was used to study the electrochemistry of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin entrapped between the membrane and the graphite surface, in the presence of poly(l-Lysine). Factors influencing the electrode response [such as the concentration of poly(l-lysine), ionic strength and pH] were explored. The analytical performance of this permselective-membrane electrode,...
A glucose sensitive enzymatic thermal sensor based on a pair of commercial microthermal probes was fabricated by cross-linking of the corresponding enzymes (glucose oxidase and catalase) with bovine serum albumin onto the chip surfaces. The characteristics of this sensor were optimised by testing it in different conditions. To find the maximal sensitivity, the calibration curves of this sensor were...
A liquid membrane electrode prepared with moclobemide-dipicrylamine ion-pair complex, dissolved in nitrobenzene as solvent, was studied for analytical performance. The linear response covers the range 10 -3 -10 -6 M moclobemide solution, with a slope of 50.7 mV decade -1 (pH range 3.5-8). The detection limit is 3 10 -7 M. The electrode shows...
The spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of ambroxol was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction using Bromothymol Blue with a flow-injection system. The determination of ambroxol in the range 8 10 -6 -4 10 -4 M was possible with a sampling frequency of 40 samples h -1 . The method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of ambroxol...
Response properties and selectivity are reported for glutamate biosensors constructed with a film of Nafion between the platinum anode and a layer of immobilized glutamate oxidase. The effects of enzyme loading, sample pH and temperature are established. Operation at pH 7.8 and 37°C results in linearity up to 800 μM and a limit of detection of 0.3 μM. Nafion enhances selectivity for glutamate over...
An automatic direct spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate by flow-injection analysis has been developed. Nitrite reacts with 3-nitroaniline in the presence of hydrochloric acid (0.96-1.8 M HCl or pH 0.5-0.7) to form a diazonium cation, which is subsequently coupled with N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form a stable purple azo dye, the...
Nanogram quantities of cobalt (II) in 200 ml of water were quantitatively collected at pH 4 on a precipitate of disulfide, which is an oxidation product of dithiol (toluene-3,4-dithiol). The precipitate was separated by filtration and dispersed homogeneously in 2 ml of 0.05 mol 1 -1 nitric acid with the aid of ultrasonic irradiation. The suspension was directly analyzed for cobalt by...
A method for the precise coulometric titration of gold (III) with electrogenerated chlorocuprous ion in KCl-Cu-EDTA buffer medium is described. 7.45-16.8 mg of gold can be determined with potentiometric end-point detection (RSD = 0.04%). The method is applied to precise analysis of gold in pure gold, jewellery and gold alloys with good selectivity. The mechanism of electron exchange at the gold-plated...
The use of an internal standard is proposed in this work for first derivative spectrophotometric determination of azinphos in formulations. Generally, the spectrophotometric procedure is simpler and less expensive than chromatographic techniques recommended for the analysis of pesticides. However, while determining the pesticide in commercial formulations the, many-fold dilution required for such...
A rapid, sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of isoniazid (INH) with sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTA) in alkaline medium. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of INH concentrations of 2-5.6 μg ml -1 at the maximum absorption of 500 nm. Sensitivity is enhanced by the addition of CTA. The method...
A simple coprecipitation technique for the quantitative separation of the antimony present in impure zinc sulphate electrolyte followed by its voltammetric determination is described. Antimony in microgram levels is separated from the matrix zinc sulphate solution, which contains higher levels of copper, lead and cadmium, and is subsequently determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry...
A new flow injection method for the determination of trace amounts of ammonium ions was developed by using a glassy carbon electrode electrodeposited with a film of cupric hexacyanoferrate coated with Nafion film as the sensor. The electrode gives sensitive but not selective response to potassium and ammonium ions. A gas-diffusion unit was used for the separation of ammonium and potassium ions and...
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