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Metallothionein (MT) isoforms of mouse liver cytosol were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using a polyacrylamide-coated tube at neutral pH, samples prepared from non-treated, heat-treated, and ethanol-precipitated specimens were compared. The liver was homogenized in three kinds of media, 0.25 M sucrose containing 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4 (BS), BS containing 1% ascorbic...
An optimized sample preparation procedure for organotin speciation in sediment samples has been applied to the analysis of sediments collected in the environment. The method is based on tropolone complexation of the ionic organotins, followed by extraction into a hexane-ethylacetate mixture and derivatization by NaBEt 4 . The method was applied to the determination of organotin in various...
The coupling of an enzyme immunoassay with a superheated water extraction is an attractive technique because of the reduced use of hazardous solvents, due to their hostile impact on the environment. This paper describes the use of superheated water extraction and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in native (not spiked) surface soil and sediment...
Leaching tests are essential in the environmental assessment of stabilized wastes. Research programmes were conducted on their interpretation in order to develop tools for the evaluation of long term release of pollutants contained in solidified wastes. Models for the leaching of porous materials are discussed in this paper according to the specificity of the chemical species (i.e. transport model...
Extraction tests are commonly used to study the mobility of metals in soils and sediments by mimicking different environmental conditions or dramatic changes on them. The results obtained by determining the extractable elements are dependent on the extraction procedure applied. The paper summarises state of the art extraction procedures used for heavy metal determination in contaminated soil and sediments...
In an effort to develop common analytical methods for contaminated soil samples the Environmental Authorities of the Nordic countries have, together with Nordtest, published the report Nordic Guidelines for Chemical Analysis of Contaminated Soil Samples. The aim of these guidelines has been to describe analytical methods which could be accepted in all the Nordic countries and in that way contribute...
A procedure for the rapid and safe analysis of soils with widely differing organic matter contents has been investigated and validated. Surface soils, totalling 295 and sampled on a grid basis, representing 22% of the land-base of the Republic of Ireland, have been analysed for cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc. Soil concentrations of cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel exhibit patterns...
Management of domestic wastes often relies on incineration, a process that eliminates large amount of wastes but also produces toxic residues that concentrate heavy metals. Those hazardous secondary wastes require specific treatment. Vitrification is seen as a powerful way to stabilise them. However, concern exists about the long term behaviour of these glass wastes and the potential release of toxic...
Projects funded within the EC Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SM&T) of the European Commission aim to contribute to the harmonization and improvement of methods and measurements carried out within the European Union and hence to the comparability of data necessary for e.g. trade activities, monitoring of environment, food and health control, etc. This goal may be achieved by e.g...
A quick leaching test procedure for monolithic waste materials has been developed by a Nordic expert group using experimental factorial design. The Dutch quick leaching test proposal in which the wetting time of the test specimen is reduced by applying vacuum was chosen as a starting point. The influence of the following parameters were studied: vacuum, stirring, open or closed vessel, water renewal...
In the present paper, N,N -dinaphthyl-N,N -diphenyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide acts as a specific reagent for enhancing the fluorescence intensity of Eu(III) complex with thenoyl trifluoroacetone (TTA), the spectrofluorimetric determination of trace amounts of Eu(III) based on the above system was carried out and its luminescence mechanism was studied. The excitation and emission wavelengths are 343...
A new copolymer made of 8-quinolyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate(PQMB) has been used as a solid substrate for the preparation of an optical fiber berberine sensor. The sensing is based on the fluorescence of 1,4-bis(naphth[2,1-d]oxazole-2-yl)benzene(BNOB) immobilized in the copolymer quenched by berberine with the formation of 1:1 complex between them. The membrane composition...
A water-soluble porphyrin, (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyr in; H 2 obtpps 4- ) was synthesized and developed for the determination of lithium ion in aqueous solution. The octabromo groups lower the basicity of the porphyrin by their electron-withdrawing effect, and enable the porphyrin to react with the lithium ion in alkaline solution...
A cold trap system for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony, selenium and tin by continuous hydride generation and gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry is described. The hydride generation is carried out in two steps; first, tin hydride is generated at low acidity and second, arsenic, antimony and selenium hydrides are formed at higher acidity. All the hydrides are collected...
A pretreatment method based on borate complex formation is described for the selective and simultaneous quantitation of pharmacologically active catechins in human plasma and saliva. This method is based on the interaction of catechins with diphenylborate (as a complexing agent) and tetra-n-butylammonium (as a counter ion) in alkaline media to give the catechin-diphenylborate complex and ion-pair...
Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) with aqueous organic solvent has been developed to separate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Methanol, ethanol or propanol as an organic modifier was added to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solution in order to increase the solubility of very hydrophobic solutes in mobile phase. Both methanol and ethanol can be used as co-solvents...
The complexing reagent 2-thiophenaldehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (TAPT) was examined for high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separations of cobalt(II), copper(II) and iron(II) or cobalt(II), nickel(II), iron(II), copper(II) and mercury(II) as metal chelates on a Microsorb C-18, 5-μm column (150 4.6 mm i.d.) (Rainin Instruments Woburn, MA, USA). The complexes were eluted isocratically...
The micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) method is reported for the separation of heparin, and for the possibility of direct determination of free heparin in plasma. The conditions for MECC were: pH 8.5, 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 25 mM borate buffer, with a 30 cm 50 μm ID fused-silica capillary. The sample was detected with a UV-detector at 270 nm with heparin as external...
Following the deproteination of the milk sample by means of zinc hexacyanoferrate, acetoacetic acid was decarboxylated by heating; the acetone originally present was then determined together with the acetone formed. The essence of the determination was that acetone reacted with bromine in the presence of sulphuric acid, following which, the bromoacetone formed was extracted into toluene, separated...
As part of a comprehensive screening program on the separation of chiral drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis, we have investigated the enantio-separation of 54 drug racemates with β-cyclodextrin as a chiral solvating agent (CSA), thus complementing previous studies on 34 drug racemates. Fourteen out of the 54 analytes investigated have been separated into the enantiomers, yielding an overall success...
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