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The need to implement more effective, cost efficient, non-intrusive ways of screening people for concealed drugs, explosives and weapons is a major security initiative for the U.S. and elsewhere. A new generation of portals suitable for security checkpoints is under development. These will be able to find contraband with high probabilities of detection, and low false-alarm rates. Some portals image...
A qualitative method for the screening of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) that could present in different types of vegetables has been established and validated. A typical multi-residue extraction procedure of OPs using ethyl acetate and sodium sulphate has been applied. No clean-up was required after extraction, and concentrated extracts were analysed by gas chromatography with pulsed-flame photometric...
Several derivatization procedures with o-phthaldialdehyde-N-acetylcysteine (OPA-NAC) were compared for a rapid analysis of primary aliphatic short-chain monoamines in water samples by HPLC using a LiChorospher analytical separation column (100RP 18 125mmx4mm i.d., 5μm). Both the solution and the solid-support assisted off-line derivatization on C 18 SPE cartridges were inadequate...
European legislation laid down maximum tolerable levels of dioxin in feed and food as well as analytical method requirements. In order to face with large monitoring programs, it was foreseen in the EU strategy to integrate screening methods, using either a qualitative (screening) approach, or a quantitative approach. In this study, dioxin results obtained using the Dioxin Responsive Chemical-Activated...
Analyses of dioxins in food have become increasingly important since the European Commission has enforced maximal toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ) levels in various food and feed products. Screening methodologies are usually used to exempt those samples that are below the maximum permitted limit and that can, therefore, be released to the market. In addition, one needs to select those samples...
An on-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system coupled to a continuous flow manifold including a UV detector was used as a screening system to extract astaxanthin from crayfish, which was found to be the major carotenoid present in the samples. This compound constitutes the principal additive used to dye salmon flesh. The flow manifold was used to confirm the presence of astaxanthin in the...
Ultrasonic slurry sample introduction was applied to the determination of total chromium in composted materials by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The effect of grinding on the heterogeneity of the test samples and on the attainable precision was studied. The repeatability was influenced by the heterogeneity of the test samples at the μg-level, the R.S.D. of the measurements...
Voltammetry of immobilized microparticles was used to find arsenic and heavy metals in contaminated soils from areas with long history of industrial development. Traditional sample dissolution and extraction procedures are time consuming and might distort the chemical equilibrium of the sample causing a change in the original physicochemical forms of distribution. A minute amount of sample was physically...
The pheromone-binding protein from the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori (BmorPBP) has been covalently bonded to a liquid chromatographic stationary phase. The resulting column was evaluated using radiolabeled bombykol and the immobilized protein retained its ability to bind this ligand. The data also demonstrate that the BmorPBP column was able to distinguish between four compounds, and rank them in their...
A study of ancient coins with different corrosion degrees and the same or different composition has been carried out by using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) and laser-induced break-down spectroscopy (LIBS). The results obtained show the complementarity of both techniques: XRFS provides information about the superficial composition which is used for the assignation of atomic...
A feasible three-step method for ochratoxin A (OTA) rapid detection was developed and applied for OTA screening in high-coloured matrices such as liquorice, ginger, nutmeg, black pepper, white pepper and Capsicum spp. spices at a control level of 10μgkg −1 . The method was based on the clean-up tandem immunoassay column and involved three steps: extract application, washing step and application...
A new qualitative immunologically based tube test for non-instrumental detection of pyrene (PYR) in water samples was developed. The method combines the pre-concentration of analyte by immunoextraction and its detection by immunoassay using Sepharose 4B-immobilized IgG-fraction of a polyclonal anti-PYR antiserum (immunoaffinity gel) and 1-pyrenebutyric acid-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (PYR-BA-HRP)...
Myeloperoxidase (MPO, E.C. 1.1.11.7) is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and chlorine anions. The production of HOCl is kept under strict control of neutrophils. However, in several pathological conditions, MPO is leaked in the extracellular fluid, which involves an over-production of reactive...
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q-TOF-MS) is an effective technique for analysis of complex samples with offering rapid, efficient separation in combination with accurate mass measurement and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This paper exploits this technique to identify the alkaloids in corydalis yanhusuo, an important antalgic Traditional...
An ion mobility spectrometer equipped with an ultraviolet lamp was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of acetone in urine samples. This analyte can be used as a biomarker for some fat metabolism-related diseases in humans and cows. Samples require no pretreatment other than warming at 80°C for 5min, after which an N 2 stream is used to drive volatile analytes to the ion...
Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychorodibenzofurans and “dioxin-like” polychlorinated biphenyls are widespread persistent organic pollutants sharing a similar toxicological pathway mediated by the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Since the confirmatory method for their measurement at trace levels in complex matrices (using isotopic dilution and gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry)...
A rapid and simple procedure for the direct screening of urine samples is described. The method involves microextraction in a packed sorbent (MEPS) that is on-line coupled to a capillary liquid chromatograph with fluorimetric detection. The overall arrangement works as a screening/confirmatory system for monitoring non-polar heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in urine samples. This configuration...
9,10-Phenanthrenequinone (PQ) is harmful environmental pollutant that is detected in airborne particulates. The measurement of PQ in the air should be necessary to evaluate the potential adverse effects of PQ on human health. We have recently developed a determination method for PQ based on the fluorescence derivatization of PQ using benzaldehyde and ammonium acetate as a reagent. In this study, in...
A quantitative immunochemical rapid test for sensitive determination of benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) as a model analyte was developed making use of a handheld reader for results evaluation. The covalent immobilization of antibodies to different Sepharose gels, i.e., CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and CNBr-activated Sepharose 4 Fast Flow was compared with adsorption to a polyethylene support. The lowest limits...
In this study, we elucidated a small molecule inhibitor on viral protein NS5B identified through a high-throughput screening strategy using optical nanoparticle-based RNA oligonucleotide. We have previously shown that quantum dots (QDs)–RNA oligonucleotide can specifically recognize the HCV viral proteins. We have also demonstrated that conjugated QDs–RNA oligonucleotide can specifically and sensitively...
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