Demographic transition theory sees the transition from high to low fertility as being irreversible. The experience of many countries shows that population policies can have a role in promoting this transition. Singapore is unique, however, in instituting pro-natalist policies in an effort to reverse the decline in fertility, itself brought about by strong policy intervention. Singapore is thus treated as a case study to address the more general question of whether population policies can reverse the demographic transition. Official demographic statistics only reveal aggregate trends, however, and a micro-level analysis, based on a sample questionnaire survey of Singapore households undertaken in 1992, is used to assess the impact of government population planning. Evidence of policy success to date is limited and future success is likely to hinge upon the effectiveness of the government's educational campaign. Attention is drawn to the wider significance, both practical and theoretical, of Singapore's experience.