Hexagonal YMnO 3 nanofibers were successfully fabricated by sol–gel preparation based on electrospinning. The as-spun fibers dried at 125°C were round and had a rather uniform diameter around 0.7μm–2μm over its length. In order to get pure hexagonal YMnO 3 nanofibers, crystalline structures and microstructures of fibers at various temperatures for 6h were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reasonable evaluations for the change of morphology with the increasing temperature were proposed. After being heated at 1100°C for 6h, the pure hexagonal YMnO 3 nanofibers were obtained with a reduced diameter ranging from 200nm to 800nm and the fibers were homogenous in chemical constitution over its length.