We develop properties of Cauchy integrals associated to a general class of first-order elliptic systems of differential operators D on a bounded, uniformly rectifiable (UR) domain Ω in a Riemannian manifold M. We show that associated to such Cauchy integrals are analogues of Hardy spaces of functions on Ω annihilated by D, and we produce projections, of Calderón type, onto subspaces of Lp(∂Ω) consisting of boundary values of elements of such Hardy spaces. We consider Toeplitz operators associated to such projections and study their index properties. Of particular interest is a “cobordism argument,” which often enables one to identify the index of a Toeplitz operator on a rough UR domain with that of one on a smoothly bounded domain.