Our aim was to explore the association between respiratory health and proximity air quality in elderly.The prevalence of respiratory conditions was linked in 2104 individuals aged ≥65 years recruited in Bordeaux (3C Study) to home address concentrations of NO 2 , CO, SO 2 , fine particles (PM 10 ), VOCs and benzene, estimated through a dispersion model combining data on background air pollution, traffic characteristics, and conditions of topographical and meteorological dispersion of air pollutants.Mean [minimum; maximum] values of the annual concentrations (μg/m 3 ) of proximity air pollutants were respectively: 28 [18; 72.2] for NO 2 , 420 [350; 1337] for CO, 7.5[5; 13.7] for SO 2 , 23.1 [19; 51] for PM 10 , 8.1 [0.01; 116.6] for VOCs and 1.8 [1.5; 6.9] for benzene. Using a binary logistic regression model, PM 10 were significantly associated with usual cough (Odds-Ratio=1.33 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.77) for exposed compared to non-exposed) and SO 2 with usual cough (1.55 (1.16–2.08)) and phlegm (1.45 (1.04–2.01)). We found a 10% and a 23% increase in usual cough for a 10μg/m 3 increment in PM 10 and a 1μg/m 3 increment in SO 2 respectively, and a 23% increase in usual phlegm for a 1μg/m 3 increase in SO 2 . A sensitivity analysis showed similar results when considering 3-year proximity pollution. A more pronounced effect of SO 2 and PM 10 on usual cough and phlegm was observed in woman.Our assessment of exposure to proximity air pollution has shown an increased prevalence of bronchitis-like symptoms in elderly living in areas polluted by SO 2 and PM 10 .